国家体育场（鸟巢）

The National Stadium, known as the Bird's Nest, stands at 1 National Stadium South Road in the Olympic Green, Chaoyang District, Beijing. Built as the main stadium of the 2008 Summer Olympics and reused for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Winter Olympics, it is the world's first venue to host ceremonies for both a Summer and a Winter Games. The site covers 20.4 hectares with 258,000 sqm of gross floor area and about 91,000 seats. Its elliptical steel structure measures 333 m north-south, 296 m east-west and 69 m at its highest point, with steel trusses woven around a bowl-shaped seating tier to create the nest image; it is classified as a special-grade sports building with a 100-year design life. Inside are a standard athletics track and football pitch, three seating tiers with boxes between the middle and upper levels, and seven above-podium floors housing spectator services, media areas, VIP reception and retail; three basement levels contain an internal ring road, parking and plant rooms. The design brief stressed sustainable construction, natural ventilation, daylight and intelligent building systems. Since the Games it has hosted international football and athletics, concerts and winter events, and remains the anchor landmark at the north end of Beijing's central axis. Metro Lines 8 and 15 serve Olympic Green and Olympic Sports Center stations within walking distance, with bus routes and car parks nearby. Translucent membrane panels in the roof filter daylight onto the pitch, and since the Games the venue has added ice-and-snow, performance and tourism programmes to keep it busy year-round.